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Basic shell scripting questions

By admin | July 22, 2007

1.   How do you find out what’s your shell? - echo $SHELL

2. What’s the command to find out today’s date? - date

3. What’s the command to find out users on the system? - who

4. How do you find out the current directory you’re in? - pwd

5.  How do you remove a file? - rm

6. How do you remove a <="" b="">- rm -rf

7.How do you find out your own username? - whoami

8.                       How do you send a mail message to somebody? - mailsomebody@techinterviews.com -s ‘Your subject’ -c ‘cc@techinterviews.com‘

9.                       How do you count words, lines and characters in a file? - wc

10.                How do you search for a string inside a given file? - grep string filename

11.                   How do you search for a string inside a directory? - grep string *

12.                 How do you search for a string in a directory with the subdirectories recursed? - grep -r string *

13.                 What are PIDs? - They are process IDs given to processes. A PID can vary from 0 to 65535.

14.                How do you list currently running process? - ps

15.                 How do you stop a process? - kill pid

16.                How do you find out about all running processes? - ps -ag

17.                  How do you stop all the processes, except the shell window? - kill 0

18.                How do you fire a process in the background? - ./process-name &

19.                How do you refer to the arguments passed to a shell script? - $1, $2 and so on. $0 is your script name.

20.              What’s the conditional statement in shell scripting? - if {condition} then … fi

21.                 How do you do number comparison in shell scripts? - -eq, -ne, -lt, -le, -gt, -ge

22.               How do you test for file properties in shell scripts? - -s filename tells you if the file is not empty, -f filename tells you whether the argument is a file, and not a directory, -d filename tests if the argument is a directory, and not a file, -w filename tests for writeability, -r filename tests for readability, -x filename tests for executability

23.               How do you do Boolean logic operators in shell scripting? - ! tests for logical not, -a tests for logical and, and -o tests for logical or.

24.              How do you find out the number of arguments passed to the shell script? - $#

25.               What’s a way to do multilevel if-else’s in shell scripting? - if {condition} then {statement} elif {condition} {statement} fi

26.              How do you write a for loop in shell? - for {variable name} in {list} do {statement} done

27.                How do you write a while loop in shell? - while {condition} do {statement} done

28.              How does a case statement look in shell scripts? - case {variable} in {possible-value-1}) {statement};; {possible-value-2}) {statement};; esac

29.              How do you read keyboard input in shell scripts? - read {variable-name}

30.              How do you define a function in a shell script? - function-name() { #some code here return }

31.                 How does getopts command work? - The parameters to your script can be passed as -n 15 -x 20. Inside the script, you can iterate through the getopts array as while getopts n:x option, and the variable $option contains the value of the entered option.